Mold – “blechh!”
Molds are alive, neither a plant nor an animal.
Molds are microscopic organisms that produce enzymes to digest organic matter
and spores to reproduce. These organisms are part of the fungi kingdom, a
realm shared with mushrooms, yeast, and mildews. Slime molds and water molds
are not fungi.
Microscopic
photo of the hyphae and spores of the mold Aspergillus fumigatus
Mold can grow on bread and other types of
 food,
making it unfit to eat. Mold can grow on the walls, floors and ceilings of
your home as well as on your personal possessions. People often refer to some
household molds as mildew, although the term also can apply to molds found
outdoors.
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew testing
in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a business that
can remove your allergy or illness! One way how to get rid of spores growth
is by cleaning your food well. Kill it
before it kills you!
 Mold
is a microscopic organism that needs carbon and water to grow.
Mold exists in 2 states. The vegetative state is its
active or growth phase when it produces spores, and then growth-like
projections called mycelia and hyphae. The non-vegetative
state is its dormant or non-growth state. Mold spores are ubiquitous,
meaning they exist everywhere.
Good Sides of Mold
In nature, mold plays a key role in
the decomposition of leaves, wood,  and other plant
debris. Without mold, we would find ourselves wading neck-deep
in dead plant matter. And we wouldn't have great foods and
medicines, such as cheese and penicillin.
However, problems arise when mold
starts digesting organic materials we do not want them to, like
our homes.
Varieties
of Molds
Molds come in thousands of different
varieties, but a few who are some of the offenders that invade
our homes.
Alternaria and Cladosporium are the
molds most commonly found both indoors and outdoors throughout
the United States. Aspergillus,
Penicillium, Helminthosporium, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhizopus,
and Aureobasidium are also common. One of
the mycotoxins, aflatoxin, is produced
by the fungi Penicillium, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.
Four different aflatoxins, B1, B2, G1
and G2, have been identified with  B1 being the
most toxic, carcinogenic
and prevalent. Another very dangerous family of toxin producers
is Fusarium. Various types of Fusarium including F. moniliforme,
F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. roseum,
and F. nivale can form the toxins zearalenone, trichothecenes
or moniliformin.
The most dangerous mold strains are:
Chaetomium (pronounced Kay-toe-MEE-yum) and Stachybotrys chartarum
(pronounced Stack-ee-BOT-ris Shar-TAR-um) as they have been proven
to produce demylenating mycotoxins among others, meaning they
can lead to autoimmune disease.
Under certain growth and environmental
conditions, both of these fungi release toxic, microscopic spores
and several types of mycotoxins that can cause the worst symptoms,
which are usually irreversible such as neurological and immunological
damage The disturbing factor about airborne mycotoxins is that
it is impossible to know how much damage they have caused to one's
health until it is too late.
Molds are Everywhere
With more than 100,000
species in the world, it is no wonder molds can be found everywhere.
Molds are found in virtually every
environment and can be detected, both indoors and outdoors, year
round. Molds can be found wherever there is moisture, oxygen,
and something to feed on.
In the fall, they grow on rotting logs and
 fallen leaves, especially
in moist, shady areas. In gardens, they can be found in compost
piles and on certain grasses and weeds.
Inside Home
Molds grow in our homes
in moist warm areas like damp basements, closets, and bathrooms,
even after the moisture has dried up.
 In
addition, molds can
grow in places where fresh food is stored, refrigerator drip trays,
houseplants, humidifiers, garbage pails, mattresses, upholstered
furniture, or foam rubber pillows.
Worst Place to Grow molds
The worst place that molds can grow, however, is inside wall
cavities and flooring of our homes, wherever there
may be cellulose materials they can feed on, such as wood, ceiling
tiles, or plasterboard, even if they are not visible, and they
have sustained water damage at one time or another. This is very
common if there has been a plumbing leak or an inadequate
roof.
NOTE: Toxic black mold and
mildew testing in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement,
is a business that can remove your allergy or illness! One way
how to get rid of spores growth is by cleaning your food well.
Kill it before it kills you!
Areas
of High Mold Exposures
-
Antique shops
- Greenhouses
- Saunas
- Farms
- Mills
- Construction
areas
- Flower
shops
- Summer
cottages
Although molds grow on organic matter
everywhere in nature, their presence is only visible to the unaided
eye where conditions allow mold colonies to grow. In man-made
environments, humidity and temperature are often stable enough
to foster the growth of mold colonies, commonly seen as a downy
or furry coating growing on food or surfaces. Thus buildings,
being stable environments, enable mold proliferation.
Food sources for molds in buildings include cellulose-based
materials, such as wood, cardboard, and the paper facing
on both sides of drywall. Carpet contains dust and other organic
matter.
Mold colonies are commonly seen in damp
areas such as basements and bathrooms.
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Inside Building Structure
Mold colonies also grow inside
building
 structures.
The moisture in a building’s structure, especially following floods
and water leaks, fosters growth. Sometimes it presence is seen
on wall surfaces; it may produce an identifiable smell.
The main problem with the presence of mold in buildings
is the inhalation of mycotoxins. After a flood or major leak,
mycotoxin levels are higher in the building even after it has
dried out (source CMHC).
·
If a house has excessive mold, there is usually too much moisture
in the house, possibly from the basement, a leaking roof, or leaks
from plumbing pipes behind the walls. Insufficient ventilation
can also enable moisture build-up. The more people in a space,
the more humidity builds up, from normal breathing and perspiring.
Mold colonies often form where ventilation is poorest, and on
perimeter walls, because they are coolest, thus closest to the
dew point.
Mold growing on carpet
Same mold 4 months later
·
If there are mold problems in a house only during certain times
of the year, then it is probably either too airtight, or too drafty.
Mold problems occur in airtight homes more frequently in the warmer
months (when humidity reaches high levels inside the house, and
moisture is trapped), and occur in drafty homes more frequently
in the colder months (when warm air escapes from the living area
into unconditioned space, and condenses). If a house is humidified
artificially during the winter, this can create conditions favorable
to mold.
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew testing
in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a
business that can remove your allergy or illness! One way how
to get rid of spores growth is by cleaning your food well. Kill
it before it kills you!
Health effects
Substances known as microbial volatile organic compounds
(mVOCs)
 are
another source of health problems caused by mold exposure. These compounds are produced by fungal metabolism and are
released directly into the air, often giving off strong or unpleasant
odors. Exposure to mVOCs from molds can irritate the eyes and
respiratory system and cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nasal
irritation and nausea. It's important to realize that research
in this area is still in the early stages.
When necessary, some resourceful molds
produce toxins in defense
 against other molds
and bacteria called mycotoxins. Depending on exposure level, these
mycotoxins may cause toxic effects in people, also. Some mycotoxins
cause immune system responses that vary considerably, depending
on the individual. The duration of exposure is a key factor in
triggering immune system response.
 Spores
can be allergenic, also. When inhaled, mold spores may germinate,
attaching to cells along the respiratory tract and causing further
problems in those with weak immune systems. One example is Stachybotrys
chartarum, which has been associated with sick building syndrome.
 Although the presence of mold may indicate unwanted decomposition,
some molds are cultivated deliberately for their byproduct compounds.
Examples include making certain types of moldy cheese, and for
the production of antibiotics derived from their natural defenses
against bacteria. Alexander Fleming's famous discovery of the
antibiotic penicillin came from the mold Penicillium notatum.
 By
decomposing organic matter, molds play a big part in material
biodegradation, enabling decay and rot necessary in all ecosystems.
The enzymes and mycotoxins can also inhibit the growth of other
molds and microorganisms.
Cultured molds are used in the production
of foods including cheese (Penicillium spp), tempeh (Rhizopus
oligosporus), quorn (Fusarium venenatum), the black tea pu-erh
and some sausages. Soy sauce and miso production uses the mould
Aspergillus oryzae and other microorganisms to ferment a soybean
and wheat mixture.
Stilton
cheese contains edible
mold.
Some people are sensitive to molds.
For these people, exposure to molds can cause symptoms such as
nasal stuffiness, eye irritation, wheezing, or skin irritation. Some people, such as
 those with serious allergies to molds,
may have more severe reactions. Severe reactions may occur among workers exposed to large
amounts of molds in occupational settings, such as farmers working
around moldy hay. Severe reactions may include fever and shortness
of breath. Some people with chronic lung illnesses, such as obstructive
lung disease, may develop mold infections in their lungs.
Just because you live in a dry climate,
don't think you're off the hook. You may experience a reduced
incidence of mold growth, but by no means is your environment
immune to infestation.
Allergic Reactions –
"A major concern associated with
exposure to biological pollutants is allergic reactions, which
range from rhinitis, nasal congestion, conjunctival inflammation,
and urticaria to asthma. Notable triggers for these diseases are allergens derived from house dust mites;
other arthropods, including cockroaches; pets (cats, dogs, birds,
rodents); molds; and protein-containing furnishings, including
feathers, kapok, etc. In occupational settings, more unusual
allergens (e.g., bacterial enzymes, algae) have caused asthma
epidemics. Probably most proteins of non-human origin can cause
asthma in a subset of any appropriately exposed population."
Generally,
the majority of common molds are not a concern to someone who
is healthy. However, there are some individuals, especially those
who have existing health concerns, who may be sensitive to mold exposure.
Some researches
believe more serious effects may result from mold exposure, including
fever, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, respiratory dysfunction (including
coughing-up blood), frequent and excessive nose
 bleeds, dizziness, headaches, diarrhea, vomiting, and
liver damage.
Severe reactions
may also occur among workers exposed to large amounts of molds
in occupational settings, such as farmers working around moldy
hay. Such symptoms may disappear when exposure to mold no longer
exists. Other health problems may be permanent
Some people
reportedly have taken extreme measures to combat severe mold reactions.
One California family claimed that exposure to mold
 infestation caused a number of their illnesses, including
respiratory problems, nose bleeds and rashes. They burned their
home to the ground, believing that it would cost less to simply
rebuild than to remove the mold. In Texas, a couple’s 11,500 square-foot
home was quarantined after molds were thought to have caused stomach
problems, diarrhea, vomiting, severe respiratory scarring, and
other illnesses in their son, as well as severe memory loss in
the husband, ultimately resulting in his inability to work.
Some physicians
recommend testing for mold-specific antibodies. The presence of
antibodies only indicates that you have been exposed to a substance
at some time.
 However, it does not tell you when you were exposed, where
the exposure took place, or how much of the mold you were exposed
to. Having a positive test for mold-specific antibodies alone
is generally not sufficient to prove that any health effects were
in fact caused by exposure to mold.
There are medical tests to determine if you are
allergic to a particular substance, such as mold. These can be performed on skin or blood, although skin tests
are considered more reliable, yield results more quickly, are
less expensive than blood tests and are generally considered more
sensitive. Skin testing may be recommended for individuals with
year-round symptoms thought to be caused by an indoor allergy.
The RAST (radioallergosorbent)
test is a blood test that detects levels of antibodies to particular
allergens. The test is expensive to perform, and results are usually
not available for about two weeks.
You should
first consult a family or general health care provider who will
decide whether you need referral to a specialist. Such specialists
might include an allergist who treats patients with mold allergies
or an infectious disease physician who treats mold infections.
If an infection is in the lungs, a pulmonary physician might be
recommended. Patients who have been exposed to molds in their
workplace may be referred to an occupational physician.
 A family who had to abandon
their home at 169 Klondike Road because of a severe toxic mold
infestation is experiencing another unexpected growth — the kindness
of strangers. Professionals and friends are uniting behind the
family, which is losing all of its personal possessions.
Town Hall employees and the Mason Road Elementary School, the
children’s school, plan to set up an account for them at a local
bank, said Board of Health clerk Maryann Gagner. Richard is contacting
contractors and building suppliers to help the family rebuild
inside the shell that remains after demolition.
After mold samples came up as “TNTC”
(too numerous to count), Jason and Jennifer Jalkubowski bundled
up their three young children, Jacob, 9, Clair, 6, and a 5-month-old
daughter, Lily, and moved in with family members.
They bought the house in September 2005. A month after they moved
in, they developed ongoing flu-like symptoms, the man said.
When the family’s homeowner’s insurance
would not cover the testing or demolition, both Commonwealth Environmental
Services, which did the original home inspection, and Pro-
 Science
Services, which did the testing, decided not to charge the family
for their services. Mr. Power explained how a family could
live in a home with toxic mold and shrug off the side effects
as merely the sniffles or a sore throat.
“If you have a wet dog in your house, about 15 minutes later,
you can’t smell that dog anymore. But someone comes to visit,
they can smell the wet dog,” Mr. Power said. “They were
living in this environment for the last 12 months, where it was
getting progressively worse, but when you’re in it every single
day, you don’t realize how bad it is.”
Want to Help?
Anyone interested in helping out the
family may send donations to The Jakubowski Home Fund c/o Sovereign
Bank, 335 Main St., Oxford, MA 01540. Contractors, suppliers or
others willing to help may contact Mr. Power at (774) 696-5479
or rp99@charter.net.
Reasons for Mold Growths in Home
Molds are part of the natural environment.
Outdoors, molds play a part in nature by breaking down dead organic
matter such as fallen leaves and dead trees, but indoors, mold
growth should be avoided. Molds reproduce by means of tiny
spores; the spores are invisible to the naked eye and float through
outdoor and indoor air. Mold may begin growing indoors when
mold spores land on surfaces that are wet. There are many
types of mold, and none of them will grow without water or moisture.
 Is
sampling for mold needed? In most cases, if visible mold
growth is present, sampling is unnecessary. Since no EPA
or other federal limits have been set for mold or mold spores,
sampling cannot be used to check a building's compliance with
federal mold standards.
Surface Sampling
Surface sampling may be useful to determine
if an area has been adequately cleaned or remediate.
 Professionals
who have specific experience in designing mold sampling protocols,
sampling methods, and interpreting results should conduct sampling
for mold. Sample analysis should follow analytical methods
recommended by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA),
the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH), or other professional organizations.
You may suspect hidden mold if a building
smells moldy, but you
 cannot
see the source, or if you know there has been water damage and
residents are reporting health problems. Mold may be hidden in
places such as the backside of dry wall, wallpaper, or paneling,
the topside of ceiling tiles, the underside of carpets and pads,
etc.
Other possible locations of hidden mold
include areas inside walls around pipes (with leaking or condensing
pipes), the surface of walls behind furniture (where condensation
forms), inside ductwork, and in roof materials above ceiling tiles
(due to roof leaks or insufficient insulation).
 Investigating
hidden mold problems may be difficult and will require caution
when the investigation involves disturbing potential sites of
mold growth. For example, removal of wallpaper can lead to a massive
release of spores if there is mold growing on the underside of
the paper. If you believe that you may have a hidden mold problem,
consider hiring an experienced professional.
Get Rid of Mold?
It is impossible to get rid of
all mold and mold spores indoors, some mold spores will be found
floating through the air and in house dust.
 The
mold spores will not grow if moisture is not present. Indoor
mold growth can and should be prevented or controlled by controlling
moisture indoors. If there is mold growth in your home, you must
clean up the mold and fix the water problem. If you clean up the
mold, but don't fix the water problem, then, most likely, the
mold problem will come back.
In extreme cases of mold growth in buildings,
it is easier to condemn the building rather than clean the mold
to human-safe levels.
Mold and mildew are commonly found
on the exterior wall surfaces of corner rooms in heating climate
locations. An exposed corner room is likely to be
significantly colder than adjoining rooms, so that it has a
 higher
relative humidity (RH) than other rooms at the same water vapor
pressure. If mold and mildew growth are found in a corner
room, then relative humidity next to the room surfaces is above
70%. However, is the RH above 70% at the surfaces because
the room is too cold or because there is too much moisture presents
(high water vapor pressure)?
The amount of moisture in the room can
be estimated by measuring both temperature and RH at the same
location and at the same time. Suppose there are two cases.
In the first case, assume that the RH is 30% and the temperature
is 70oF in the middle of the room. The low RH at that temperature
indicates that the water vapor pressure (or absolute humidity)
is low. The high surface RH is probably due to room surfaces
that are "too cold." Temperature is the dominating
factor, and control strategies should involve increasing the temperature
at cold room surfaces.
 In the second
case, assume that the RH is 50% and the temperature is 70oF in
the middle of the room. The higher RH at that temperature
indicates that the water vapor pressure is high and there is a
relatively large amount of moisture in the air. The high
surface RH is probably due to air that is "too moist."
Humidity is the dominating
factor, and control strategies should involve decreasing
the moisture content of the indoor air.
Excerpt on duct cleaning and mold
follows, please review the entire document for additional information
on duct cleaning and mold.
You should consider having the air ducts
in your home cleaned if:
There is substantial visible mold growth
inside hard surface (e.g., sheet metal) ducts or on other components
of your heating and cooling
 system.
There are several important points to understand concerning mold
detection in heating and cooling systems:
·
Many sections of your heating and cooling system may not be accessible
for a visible inspection, so ask the service provider to show
you any mold they say exists.
·
You should be aware that although a substance may look like mold,
a positive determination of whether it is mold or not can be made
only by an expert and may require laboratory analysis for final
confirmation. For about $50, some microbiology laboratories
can tell you whether a sample sent to them on a clear strip of
sticky household tape is mold or simply a substance that resembles
it.
·
If you have insulated air ducts and the insulation gets wet or
moldy it cannot be effectively cleaned and should be removed and
replaced.
·
If the conditions causing the mold growth in the first place are
not corrected, mold growth will recur.
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew testing in the
house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a business
that can remove your allergy or illness! One way how to get rid
of spores growth is by cleaning your food well. Kill
it before it kills you!
Indoor Air Regulations and Mold
Standards or Threshold Limit Values
(TLVs) for airborne concentrations of mold, or mold spores, have
not been set. Currently, there are no EPA regulations or standards
for airborne mold contaminants.
Water in your home can come from many
sources. Water can enter yourhome by leaking or by seeping through basement
floors. Showers or even
cooking can add moisture to the air in your home.
The amount of moisture that the air in your home can hold
depends on the temperature of the air. As the temperature goes
down, the air is able to hold less moisture. This is why, in cold
weather, moisture condenses on cold surfaces (for example, drops
of water form on the inside of a window). This moisture can encourage
biological pollutants to grow.
Basics of Mold Control
There are several ways to control mold growth in homes.
Moisture Control
Moisture control is the key to mold
control. There are many ways to control moisture in home:
·
Fix leaks and seepage.
 If
water is entering the house from the outside, your options range
from simple landscaping to extensive excavation and waterproofing.
(The ground should slope away from the house.) Water in the basement
can result from the lack of gutters or a water flow toward the
house. Water leaks in pipes or around tubs and sinks can provide
a place for biological pollutants to grow.
·
Put a plastic cover over dirt in crawlspaces to prevent moisture
from coming in from the ground. Be sure crawlspaces are well ventilated.
·
Use exhausts fans in bathrooms and kitchens to remove moisture
to the outside (not into the attic). Vent your clothes dryer to
the outside.
·
Turn off certain appliances (such as humidifiers or kerosene heaters)
if you notice moisture on windows and other surfaces.
·
Use dehumidifiers and air conditioners, especially in hot, humid
climates, to reduce moisture in the air, but be sure that the
appliances themselves do not become sources of biological pollutants.
·
Raise the temperature of cold surfaces where moisture condenses.
Use insulation or storm windows.  (A storm window installed on the inside works well
than one installed on the outside.) Open doors between rooms (especially
doors to closets which may be colder than the rooms) to increase
circulation. Circulation carries heat to the cold surfaces. Increase
air circulation by using fans and by moving furniture from wall
corners to promote air and heat circulation. Be sure that your
house has a source of fresh air and can expel excessive moisture
from the home.
·
Pay special attention to carpet on concrete floors. Carpet can
absorb moisture and serve as a place for biological pollutants
to grow. Use area rugs, which can be taken up and washed often.
In certain climates, if carpet is to be installed over a concrete
floor, it may be necessary to use a vapor barrier (plastic sheeting)
over the concrete and cover that with sub-flooring (insulation
covered with plywood) to prevent a moisture problem.
·
Moisture problems and their solutions differ from one climate
to another. The Northeast is cold and wet; the Southwest is hot
and dry; the South is hot and wet; and the Western Mountain states
are cold and dry. All of these regions can have moisture problems.
For example, evaporative coolers used in the Southwest can encourage
the growth of biological pollutants. In other hot regions, the
use of air conditioners, which cool the air too quickly, may prevent
the air conditioners from running long enough to remove excess
moisture from the air. The types of construction and weatherization
for the different climates can lead to different problems and
solutions.
Reason for Moisture on Windows
Humidistat
 Your
humidistat is set too high if excessive moisture collects on windows
and other cold surfaces. Excess humidity for a prolonged time
can damage walls especially when outdoor air temperatures are
very low. Excess moisture condenses on window glass because the glass
is cold.
Overuses
of Water
Other sources of excess moisture
besides overuse of a humidifier may be long showers, running water
for other uses, boiling or steaming in cooking, plants, and drying
clothes indoors.
Tight
House
A tight, energy efficient house holds
more moisture inside; you may need to run a kitchen or bath-ventilating
fan sometimes, or open a window briefly. Storm windows and caulking
around windows keep the interior glass warmer and reduce condensation
of moisture there.
NOTE: Toxic black mold and
mildew testing in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement,
is a business that can remove your allergy or illness! One way
how to get rid of spores growth is by cleaning your food well.
Kill it before it kills you!
Using
Humidifier
Humidifiers are not recommended for
use in buildings without proper
 vapor
barriers because of potential damage from moisture buildup. Consult
a building contractor to determine the adequacy of the vapor barrier
in your house. Use a humidity indicator to measure the relative
humidity in your house. The American Society of Heating and Air
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) recommend these maximum indoors
humidity levels.
Outdoor
Recommended Indoor
 Temperature Relative Humidity
+20o F.
35%
+10o F.
30%
0o F.
25%
-10o F.
20%
-20o F.
15%
Source: Anne Field, Extension
Specialist, Emeritus, with reference from the Association for
Home Appliance Manufacturers (www.aham.org).
For people,
water is necessary for survival. However, for a house, water can
be a destructive force that can lead to wood rot, peeling paint,
insect infestation, shorter lifespan
of roofing and siding and higher maintenance costs. And if you're
not careful, water inside your home can easily provide a natural
habitat in which molds thrive.
Investigate, Identify and Repair All
Leaks and Cracks
The best way
to prevent water damage from rainwater and snowmelt is to ensure
the exterior materials of the building are properly constructed
and maintained. The following are tips for identifying and eliminating
sources of water intrusion in your home. Common places where water
intrusion occurs:
Windows and
Doors:
 Check for leaks
around your windows and doors, especially near the corners. Check
for peeling paint, it can be a sign of water getting into the
wood. Inspect for discolorations in paint or caulking, swelling
of the window or doorframe or surrounding materials.
Roof: Repair or replace shingles around any area that allows water
to penetrate the roof sheathing. Leaks are particularly common
around chimneys, plumbing vents and attic vents. To trace the
source of a ceiling leak, measure its location from the nearest
outside wall and then locate this point in the attic using a measuring
tape. Keep in mind that the water may run along the attic floor,
rafters, or truss for quite a distance before coming through the
ceiling.
Foundation and Exterior Walls: Seal any cracks
and holes in external walls, joints, and foundations, in particular,
examine locations where piping or wiring extends through the outside
walls. Fill all cracks in these locations with sealant.
Plumbing: Check for leaking
faucets, dripping or "sweating" pipes,
clogged drains, and faulty water drainage systems Inspect washing
machine hoses for bulges, cracks or wetness. Replace them every
few years or sooner if problems are found. Inspect the water heater
for signs of rust or water on the floor.
Termite-Damaged
Material: Check for termite
damage in wood materials such as walls, beams, or floors. Any
wood exposed to the exterior can potentially lead to moisture
intrusion or termite infestation.
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abatement abatement abahtumant abtement abahtemeignt aatement
abahtumeignt abatemeignt abahtemiegnt abatumeignt abahtumiegnt
abatemiegnt abatemet abatumiegnt abatemnt abahtement abateent
abahtemant abatment abahtument abaement abatument abatemant
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Prevent Water Damage Through Good Home
Maintenance
You can help
prevent future leaks and water intrusion by regularly inspecting
the following elements in your home and making sure they remain
in good condition.
Flashing: Flashing, which
is typically a thin metal strip found around doors, windows, thresholds,
chimneys, and roofs, is designed to prevent water intrusion in
spaces where two different building surfaces meet.
Vents: All vents, including
clothes dryer, gable vents, attic vents, and exhaust vents, should
have hoods, exhaust to the exterior, be in good working order,
and have boots.
Holes: Check for holes,
air leaks, or bypasses from the house and make sure there is enough
insulation to keep house heat from escaping. Among other things,
air leaks and inadequate insulation results in ice damming. If
ice dams collect around the lower edge of a roof, rain or melted
snow can back up under the shingles and into the attic or the
house. Check the bottom side of the roof sheathing and roof rafters
or truss for water stains.
 Basements: Make sure that basement windows and doors have built-up barriers
or flood shields. Inspect sump pumps to ensure they work properly.
A battery backup system is recommended. The sump pump should discharge
as far away from the house as possible.
Humidity: The relative humidity
in your home should be between 30% and 50%. (See Controlling Indoor
Humidity to use our Indoor Humidity Meter.) Condensation on windows,
wet stains on walls and
 ceilings, and musty smells are signs that you may have too
much humidity in your home. Check areas where air does not easily
circulate, such as behind curtains, under beds, and in closets
for dampness and mildew. Be sure to use bathroom exhaust fans
following warm showers or baths. When going on trips, turn
the temperature up on the air conditioning, not off.
The air conditioning system helps remove moisture from your home.
If you are concerned about the humidity level in your home, consult
with a mechanical contractor or air conditioning repair company
to determine if your HVAC system is properly sized and in good
working order.
Air Conditioners: Check drain pans to insure they drain freely,
are adequately sloped toward the outlets and that no standing
water is present. Make sure drain lines are clean and clear of
obstructions. Drain pan overflows usually occur the first time
the unit is turned on in the spring. Clean prior to first use
with compressed air or by pouring a water-bleach solution down
the drain line until it flows freely.
Expansion
Joints: Expansion joints
are materials between bricks, pipes, and other building materials
that absorb movement. If expansion joints are not in good condition,
water intrusion can occur. If there are cracks in the joint sealant,
remove the old sealant, install a backer rod and fill with a new
sealant.
Exterior
Wood Sheathing and Siding:
Replace any wood siding and sheathing that appears to have
water damage. Inspect any wood sided walls to ensure there is
at least 8" between any wood and the earth.
Drywall: Since drywall is
an extremely porous material and is difficult 
to dry out completely, damaged areas should be replaced if
any signs of moisture are present. One way to protect drywall
from moisture intrusion in the event of a flood is to install
it slightly above the floor and cover the gap with molding.
Exterior
Walls: Exterior walls
should be kept well painted and sealed. Don't place compost or
leaf piles against the outside walls. Landscape features should
not include soil or other bedding material mounded up against
walls.
Landscaping: Keep trees trimmed
so that branches are at least 7 feet away from any exterior house
surface. This will help prolong the life of your siding and roof
and prevent insects from entering your home from the tree. Vines
should be kept off all exterior walls, because they can help open
cracks in the siding, which allows moisture or insects to enter
the house.
Irrigation: Inspect and adjust
the spray pattern of the irrigation heads to minimize the water
sprayed directly onto the house to avoid excessive water near
the foundation.
http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/ts/IAQ/Got_Mold.html
Moisture and Mold Prevention and Control
Tips
Control Tips
·
Moisture control is the key to mold control, so when water leaks
or spills occur indoors - ACT QUICKLY. If wet or damp materials
or areas are dried 24-48 hours after a leak or spill happens,
in most cases mold will not grow.
·
Clean and repair roof gutters regularly.
·
Make sure the ground slopes away from the building foundation,
so that water does not enter or collect around the foundation.
·
Keep air-conditioning drip pans clean and the drain lines unobstructed
and flowing properly.
·
Keep indoor humidity low. If possible, keep indoor humidity
below 60 percent (ideally between 30 and 50 percent) relative
humidity. Relative humidity can be measured with moisture
or humidity meter, a small, inexpensive ($10-$50) instrument available
at  many
hardware stores.
·
If you see condensation or moisture collecting on windows, walls
or pipes ACT QUICKLY to dry the wet surface
and reduce the moisture/water source. Condensation can be
a sign of high humidity.
Actions that
will help to reduce humidity:
·
Vent appliances that produce moisture, such as clothes dryers,
stoves, and kerosene heaters to the outside where possible.
(Combustion appliances such as stoves and kerosene heaters produce
water vapor and will increase the humidity unless vented to the
outside.)
·
Use air conditioners and/or de-humidifiers when needed.
·
Run the bathroom fan or open the window when showering.
Use exhaust fans or open windows whenever cooking, running the
dishwasher or dishwashing, etc.
Actions that will help prevent condensation:
·
Reduce the humidity.
·
Increase ventilation or air movement by opening doors and/or windows,
when practical. Use fans as needed.
·
Cover cold surfaces, such as cold water pipes, with insulation.
·
Increase air temperature.
Act Quickly if Water Intrusion Occurs
·
If water intrusion does occur, you can minimize the damage
by addressing the problem quickly and thoroughly.
·
 If water is flowing into the home from burst piping
or damaged appliances, shut off the water supply, typically found
outside the house or at the meter.
·
· Immediately remove standing water and all moist materials,
and consult with a licensed building professional who can determine
the extent of the repairs necessary.
·
· Water damage left unattended can result in structural failure
or, potentially, mold growth.
Take Appropriate Actions
Should your
home become damaged by a catastrophic event such as fire, flood
or storm, take appropriate actions to prevent further water damage
once it is safe to do so. This may include boarding up damaged
windows, covering a damaged roof with plastic sheeting, or removing
wet, damaged rugs, carpet, or personal belongings. Fast action
on your part will help minimize the time and expense for repairs,
resulting in a faster recovery.
Who
should do the cleanup depends on a number of factors. One
 consideration is
the size of the mold problem. If the moldy area is less than about 10 square feet (less than roughly
a 3 ft. by 3 ft. patch), in most cases, you can handle the job
yourself, following the guidelines
below.
·
If there has been a lot of water damage, and/or mold growth covers
more than 10 square feet, consult the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) guide: Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial
Buildings.
·
If you choose to hire a contractor (or other professional service provider) to do the cleanup, make sure the contractor
has experience
cleaning up mold. Check references and ask the contractor
to follow the recommendations of the EPA, the guidelines of the
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygenists (ACGIH),
or other guidelines from professional or government organizations.
 ·
If you suspect that the heating/ventilation/air conditioning (HVAC)
system may be contaminated with mold (it is part of an identified
moisture problem, for instance, or there is mold near the intake
to the system), consult EPA's guide should you Have the Air Ducts
in Your Home Cleaned? Before taking further action. Do not run
the HVAC system if you know or suspect that it is contaminated
with mold - it could spread mold throughout the building.
·
If the water and/or mold damage was caused by sewage or other
contaminated water, then call in a professional who has experience
cleaning and fixing buildings damaged by contaminated water.
·
If you have health concerns, consult a health professional before starting cleanup.
If you are unsure about how to clean
an item, or if the item is expensive or of sentimental value,
you may wish to consult a specialist. Specialists in furniture
repair, restoration, painting, art restoration and conservation,
carpet and rug cleaning, water damage, and fire or water restoration
are commonly listed in phone books. Be sure to ask for and check
references. Look for specialists who are affiliated with professional
organizations.
NOTE: Toxic black
mold and mildew testing in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement,
is a business that can remove your allergy or illness! One way
how to get rid of spores growth is by cleaning your food well.
Kill it before it kills you!
Proper Clothes for Cleaning Moldy Areas
Avoid Breathing
·
Avoid breathing in mold or mold spores. In order to limit
your exposure to airborne mold, you may want to wear an N-95 respirator,
available at many hardware stores and from companies that advertise
on the Internet. (They cost about $12 to $25.) Some N-95
respirators resemble a paper dust mask with a nozzle on the front;
others are made primarily of plastic or rubber and have removable
cartridges that trap most of the mold spores from entering.
In order to be effective, the respirator or mask must fit properly,
so carefully follow the instructions supplied with the respirator.
Please note that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) require that respirators fit properly (fit testing) when
used in an occupational setting; consult OSHA for more information
(800-321-OSHA).
Wear Gloves
·
Wear gloves. Long gloves that extend to the middle of  the
forearm are recommended. When working with water and a mild
detergent, ordinary household rubber gloves may be used.
If you are using a disinfectant, a biocide such as chlorine bleach,
or a strong cleaning solution, you should select gloves made from
natural rubber, neoprene, nitrile, polyurethane, or PVC.
Avoid touching mold or moldy items with your bare hands.
Wear Goggles
·
Wear goggles. Goggles that do not have ventilation holes
are recommended. Avoid getting mold or mold spores in your
eyes.
Cleaning up Molds
The time you are most likely to stir
up spores and be exposed is the very time you are trying to clean
up your mold problem. That is when you need to be the most careful.
First, try to determine the extent of the mold infestation. You
can do if the area is small and well defined; clean up, as long
as you are free of any health symptoms or allergies. However,
if the mold problem is extensive, such as between the walls or
under the floors, you should leave clean up to a professional.
Cleaning Large Areas:
1. Consider having a professional cleanup
the area. To find a professional, check under "Fire and Water
Damage Restoration" in your Yellow Pages. If you decide to
clean up on your own, follow the guidance below.
 
Commercial and Industrial Strength
Fungicide- Cleaner-
Sanitizer
2. Protect
yourself by using goggles, gloves, and breathing protection while
working in the area. For large consolidated areas of mold growth,
you should use an OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration)
approved particle mask.
3. Seal off area from the rest of your
home. Cover heat registers or ventilation ducts/grills. Open a
window before you start to clean up.
4. Remove all your furnishings to a
neutral area to be cleaned later. Follow cleaning directions below.
5. Bag all moldy materials; you will
be discarding.
6. Scrub all affected hard surfaces:
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goofed-up words to find this page are: |
·
first with a mild detergent solution, such as laundry detergent and
warm water.
·
(Optional step) then use a solution of ¼ cup bleach to one quart of
water. Wait 20 minutes and repeat. Wait another 20 minutes.
·
Last, apply a borate-based detergent solution and do not rinse. This
will help prevent mold from growing again. To find a borate-based detergent,
read the ingredients listed on the package label for borates.
7. Give the entire area a good cleaning. Vacuum floors, and wash bedding and clothes if exposed.
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew testing
in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a business that
can remove your allergy or illness! One way how to get rid of spores growth
is by cleaning your food well. Kill it
before it kills you!
Cleaning Small Areas
1. Protect yourself by using goggles, gloves, and
breathing protection while working in the area. For small isolated areas of
mold growth, a cotton dust mask should do.
2. Seal off area from the rest of your home. Cover
heat registers or ventilation ducts/grills. Cover all your furniture. Open
a window before you start clean up.
3. Bag all moldy materials; you will be discarding
them.
4. Scrub all affected hard surfaces:
· First with a mild detergent solution, such as laundry detergent
and warm water.
· (optional step) Then use a solution of ¼ cup bleach to one quart of water. Wait 20 minutes and repeat. Wait another 20 minutes.
· Last apply a borate-based detergent solution and do not
rinse. This will help prevent mold from growing again. To find a
borate-based detergent, read the ingredients listed on the package label for
borates.
5. Give the entire area
a good cleaning, vacuum floors, and wash bedding and clothes if exposed.
Clean All Furnishings Exposed To Mold
Permeable and
Washable:
Such as clothing, bedding, and other washable articles. Simply run
through the laundry.
Non-permeable and Washable:
Such as wood, metal, plastic, glass, and ceramics. Mix a solution of
lukewarm water and laundry detergent, and wipe down your articles.
Permeable, but
not Washable:
Such as beds and furniture. If these furnishings are moldy, you should consider
discarding and replacing them. If you decide it is a keeper, take the furnishing
outside. Give it a good vacuuming, and let it air out. When finished, if you
do not notice an odor it should be okay. However, watch for any mold growth
or health problems.
www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm
You must have completely fixed the water or moisture
problem before the cleanup or remediation can be considered finished.
·
You should have completed mold removal. Visible mold and moldy odors
 should
not be present. Please note that mold may cause staining and cosmetic
damage.
·
You should have revisited the site(s) shortly after cleanup and it should
show no signs of water damage or mold growth.
·
People should have been able to occupy or re-occupy the area without health
complaints or physical symptoms.
·
Ultimately, this is a judgment call; there is no easy answer. If you have
concerns or questions call the EPA Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse
IAQ INFO at (800) 438-4318.
Cleanup and Biocides
Biocides are substances that can destroy living
organisms. The use of a  chemical or biocide
that kills organisms such as mold (chlorine bleach, for example) is not recommended
as a routine practice during mold cleanup. There may be instances, however,
when professional judgment may indicate its use (for example, when immune-compromised
individuals are present). In most cases, it is not possible or desirable to
sterilize an area; a background level of mold spores will remain - these spores
will not grow if the moisture problem has been resolved. If you choose to
use disinfectants or biocides, always ventilate the area and exhaust the air
to the outdoors. Never mix chlorine bleach solution with other cleaning solutions
or detergents that contain ammonia because toxic fumes could be produced.
Please note: Dead mold may still cause allergic
reactions in some people, so it is not enough to simply kill the mold, it
must also be removed.
Publications Regarding Mold
Mold, Moisture, and Your Home
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew testing in the house or home, for
removal/remediation/abatement, is a business that can remove your allergy
or illness! One way how to get rid of spores growth is by cleaning your food
well. Kill it before it kills you!
 The
EPA publication, "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home",
is available here in HTML and PDF formats in English (PDF, 20 pp, 257KB About
PDF) and Spanish (PDF, 20 pp, 796KB About PDF). This Guide provides
information and guidance for homeowners and renters on how to clean up residential
mold problems and how to prevent mold growth. A printed version will
be available soon.
Biological Pollutants in Your Home
This document explains indoor biological pollution,
health effects of biological pollutants, and how to control their
 growth
and buildup. One third to one half of all structures have damp conditions
that may encourage development of pollutants such as molds and bacteria, which
can cause allergic reactions -- including asthma -- and spread infectious
diseases. Describes corrective measures for achieving moisture control
and cleanliness. The American Lung Association and the U.S. Consumer
Product Safety Commission prepared this brochure. The publication was updated
by CPSC in 1997 www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/425.html
Damp Buildings and Health
For information on damp buildings and health effects, see the 2004 Institute
of Medicine Report, Damp Indoor Spaces and Health, published by The
National Academies Press in Washington, DC. You can read a description
of the report and purchase a copy at http://fermat.nap.edu/catalog/11011.html
Guidance for Large Buildings and Mold
EPA has a number of resources available; you can
start with the Indoor Air Quality Building Evaluation and Assessment Model
(I-BEAM). I-BEAM updates and expands EPA's existing Building Air Quality
guidance and is designed to be comprehensive state-of-the-art guidance for
managing IAQ in commercial buildings.
This guidance was designed to be used by building
professionals and others interested in indoor air quality in commercial buildings.
I-BEAM contains text, animation/visual, and interactive/calculation components
that can be used to perform a number of diverse tasks. See www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/
ibeam_page.htm
See also "Building Air Quality: A Guide for
Building Owners and Facility Managers" and the "Building Air Quality
Action Plan"
Excerpt from the Building Air Quality: A Guide for
Building Owners and Facility Managers, Appendix C - Moisture, Mold and Mildew:
The Agency's premier resource on this issue is the
Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools kit. Our schools-related resources
on the web start at: epa.gov/iaq/schools.
The asthma companion piece for the IAQ Tools for
Schools kit, titled Managing Asthma in the School Environment (epa.gov/iaq/schools/asthma)
has been recently published. This publication has a section entitled
Clean up Mold and Moisture Control at: epa.gov/iaq/schools/asthma/eat-cumcm.htm
Excerpt from IAQ Tools for Schools kit companion
piece, Managing Asthma in the School Environment:
Common Moisture Sources Found in Schools
Moisture problems in school buildings can be caused
by a variety of conditions, including roof and plumbing leaks, condensation,
and excess humidity. Some moisture problems in schools have been linked to
changes in building construction practices during the past twenty to thirty
years. These changes have resulted in more tightly sealed buildings that may
not allow moisture to escape easily. 
Classroom mold
Moisture problems in schools are
also associated with delayed maintenance or insufficient maintenance,
due to budget and other constraints. Temporary structures in schools, such
as trailers and portable classrooms, have frequently been associated with
moisture and mold problems.
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew
testing in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a business
that can remove your allergy or illness! One way how to get rid of spores
growth is by cleaning your food well. Kill
it before it kills you!
Suggestions for Reducing Mold Growth in Schools
Reduce Indoors Humidity
·
Vent showers and other moisture-generating sources to the outside.
·
Control humidity levels and dampness by using air conditioners and de-
 humidifiers.
·
Provide adequate ventilation to maintain indoor humidity levels between 30-60%.
·
Use exhaust fans whenever cooking, dishwashing, and cleaning in food service
areas.
Inspect the building for signs of mold, moisture,
leaks, or spills:
 ·
Check for moldy odors.
·
Look for water stains or discoloration on the ceiling, walls, floors, and
windowsills.
·
Look around and under sinks for standing water, water stains, or mold.
·
Inspect bathrooms for standing water, water stains, or mold.
·
Do not let water stand in air conditioning or refrigerator drip pans.
Respond promptly when you see signs of moisture
and/or mold, or when leaks or spills occur:
·
Clean and dry any damp or wet building materials and furnishings within 24-48
hours of occurrence to prevent mold growth.
·
Fix the source of the water problem or leak to prevent mold growth.
·
Clean mold off hard surfaces with water and detergent, and dry completely.
·
Absorbent materials such as ceiling tiles, that are moldy, may need to be
replaced.
·
Check the mechanical room and roof for unsanitary conditions, leaks, or spills.
Prevent moisture condensation:
·
Reduce the potential for condensation on cold surfaces (i.e., windows, piping,
exterior walls, roof, or floors) by adding insulation.
Floor and carpet cleaning:
·
Remove spots and stains immediately, using the flooring manufacturer’s recommended
techniques.
 ·
Use cares to prevent excess moisture or cleaning residue accumulation and
ensure that cleaned areas are dried quickly.
·
In areas where there is a perpetual moisture problem, do not install carpeting
(i.e., by drinking fountains, by classroom sinks, or on concrete floors with
leaks or frequent condensation).
. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/molds/moldresources.html
1. Potential health effects and symptoms associated with mold exposures include allergic
reactions, asthma, and other respiratory complaints.
2. There is no practical way to eliminate all molds
and mold spores in the indoor environment; the way to control indoor mold
growth is to control moisture.
3. If mold is a problem in your home or school,
you must clean up the mold and eliminate sources of moisture.
4. Fix the source of the water problem or leak to
prevent mold growth.
5. Reduce indoor humidity (to 30-60%) to decrease
mold growth by:
a. Venting bathrooms, dryers, and other moisture-generating
sources to the outside;
b. Using air conditioners and de-humidifiers;
c. Increasing ventilation;
d. And using exhaust fans whenever cooking, dishwashing,
and cleaning
6. Clean and dry any damp or wet building materials
and furnishings within 24-48 hours to prevent mold growth.
7. Clean mold off hard surfaces with water
and detergent, and dry completely. Absorbent materials such as ceiling tiles,
that are moldy, may need to be replaced.
8. Prevent condensation: Reduce the potential
for condensation on cold surfaces (i.e., windows, piping, exterior walls,
roof, or floors) by adding insulation.
9. In areas where there is a perpetual moisture
problem, do not install carpeting (i.e., by drinking fountains, by classroom
sinks, or on concrete floors with leaks or frequent condensation).
10. Molds can be found almost anywhere; they can
grow on virtually any substance, providing moisture is present. There are
molds that can grow on wood, paper, carpet, and foods.
http://www.nachi.org/mold.htm
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew
testing in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a business
that can remove your allergy or illness! One way how to get rid of spores
growth is by cleaning your food well. Kill
it before it kills you!
 This mold test uses a vacuum dust collector to collect a whole
house dust sample. Mold spores and other particulates settle out of
the air to form dust. A dust sample, therefore, can be a more representative
sample than a short-term air sample. The dust sample is analyzed using a genetic
analysis developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) using Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR).
Mold testing may help determine
the association of mold exposure to symptoms experienced in your home.
Mold testing may also be a pre-condition prior to the final sale of your home.
 Using
the results generated from this analysis of 36 mold species, the EPA Relative
Moldiness Index (ERMI) compares the log sum of the results to the results
obtained in the EPA database generated during the 2006 Housing and Urban Development
(HUD) American Healthy Homes Study. The ERMI is used to compare the results
from with your home against the results in the EPA database of moldy and healthy
homes. The ERMI is a good screening test to determine whether your home may
have a mold problem.
For more information about mold
and its effects, visit our website at www.FungalInfo.com
To order your test kit, contact
EMSL at 1-800-220-3675
STEP 1 - PREPARE THE HOUSE FOR TESTING
· Your attic
· Your basement
· Settled dust in HVAC duct work
· Carpets or throw rugs that have not been vacuumed recently
·
 Window curtains that
have not been cleaned lately
· Upholstered furniture
· Accumulated dust under sofas, beds, dressers, refrigerators,
or other large pieces of furniture
· Crawl spaces
· Accumulated dust behind toilets or under sinks
Maximize quiescent conditions in the home the day
before testing and during the test period. Turn off portable fans and
the heating or air conditioning to avoid blowing air over the areas to be
tested. Keep people away from the areas to be tested. The goal is to
avoid disturbing settled dust and having it becomes airborne shortly before
or during the test.
STEP 2 - SELECT THE TEST AREAS
- Choose areas of the home where people experience
the
 symptoms
mentioned above or any other unusual symptoms
- Choose areas of the home where you suspect
there may be a non-visible mold problem due to water condensation, water
intrusion or flooding
- Choose areas where you see the most settled
dust
- Choose up to four areas to be tested for
each test kit
- You can choose whether to collect 4 samples
per house or 4 samples per floor or room
STEP 3 - TAKING THE TEST
·
Identify 4 areas to be sampled by making a 9 3/4 inch by 9 3/4 inch
template with duct or electrical tape around the area to be sampled. Each
area will be sampled for about 30 seconds. Total sampling time will
be 2 minutes. Total area sampled will be approximately 1 meter or 39
inches.
·
Make sure the hose attachment is connected to your vacuum cleaner properly.
Turn on the vacuum cleaner to make sure the hose attachment is pulling air,
and then turn off the vacuum cleaner.
·
 Remove
both caps from the sampling device.
·
Attach the flat, round end of the sampler device to the end of the
hose attachment of your vacuum cleaner.
·
Use the slanted end of the sampling device to collect your sample.
Keep the slant end flush with the surface to be sampled.
·
Vacuum the area contained within the duct or electrical tape.
Do this by passing the sampling device over 9 imaginary parallel lines within
the sampling area for about 30 seconds.
·
After sampling in the area is completed, hold the sampling device
upward and turn the vacuum cleaner off. Re-cap the slant end of the
sampling device so as not to lose the dust you just collected.
·
Remove the slant end cap and turn the vacuum cleaner on to take
subsequent samples as explained in Items 6 and 7 above. Do not exceed
4 sampling areas for each collection device.
·
Recap the slant end of the sampling device after 4 sampling areas are
completed.
·
Remove the sampling device from the vacuum cleaner hose and re-cap
the flat end of the sampling device
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew
testing in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a business
that can remove your allergy or illness! One way how to get rid of spores
growth is by cleaning your food well. Kill
it before it kills you!
STEP 4 - COMPLETE THE PAPERWORK
- On the data sheet, fill in the number of
the sampling device where necessary
- On the data sheet, identify all the areas
 sampled
for that particular sampling device number
- Fill out all the information completely.
- Place the sampling device with its correct
data sheet back in the box.
- Seal the box with tape to prevent opening
during shipment.
STEP 5 - RETURN THE SAMPLING DEVICE BACK TO THE
Lab
· Mail the box back to EMSL.
· Results will be ready after 10 business days.
· Rush results are available for $590 per sample.
A written report comparing
your results to the EPA Relative Moldiness Index will be
sent to the mailing address identified
on the data sheet.
Concern about the consequences of mold contamination
has become one of today’s top subjects. The implications of the emerging mold
issue for insurance and the economy are serious. From the insurance perspective,
damage from mold, like rust, rot and mildew is specifically excluded in standard
homeowners and commercial property policies. Mold contamination is covered
under these policies only if it is the result of a covered peril. 
For example, the costs of cleaning up mold caused
by water from a burst pipe are covered under the policy because water damage
from a burst pipe is a covered peril. However, mold caused by water from excessive
humidity, leaks, condensation or flooding is a maintenance issue for the property
owner, like termite or mildew prevention, and is not covered by the policy.
To prevent this, corrective action by regulators
and legislators is being taken. To avoid confusion, many insurers are now
inserting
 clarifying
language in their homeowners and commercial property policies. Some companies
may decide to cover all mold claims and price the policy accordingly. Others
may exclude mold, but offer an attachment to the policy, called an endorsement,
that allows you to add the coverage. Still other companies may provide a tighter
definition of what is and what is not covered. While some may prefer to create
an absolute exclusion. Most major insurers have announced some form of restriction
on writing water damage policies.
Every home should be tested for mold.
- The Insurance Information
 Institute
(I.I.I.) estimates that the average homeowners insurance expenditure rose
3.7 percent from $668 in 2003 to $693 in 2004. It puts the rise at 2.6 percent
in 2005, 3.9 percent in 2006 and 5.0 percent in 2007.
- A 2006 Insurance Research Council poll
found that 96 percent homeowners had homeowners insurance while 43 percent
of renters had renters insurance.
- In 2005 claims accounted for $75 of every $100
of homeowners insurance premiums earned, up from $67 in 2004.
-
 Property
damage and theft claims accounted for 84 percent of all claims payments.
Liability claims accounted for 4 percent. The cost of settling these claims
accounted for the remaining 12 percent of total claim costs.
- Expenses — including commissions, general
overhead expenses, state premium taxes, licenses, fees and dividends to
policyholders accounted for $30 of every $100 of premium earned.
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|
 Molds are fungi that can be found both indoors and outdoors. No one knows
how many species of fungi exist but estimates range from tens of thousands
to perhaps three hundred thousand or more. Molds grow best in warm, damp,
and humid conditions, and spread and reproduce by making spores. Mold spores
can survive harsh environmental conditions, such as dry conditions, that do
not support normal mold growth.
When molds are disturbed, their spores may be released
into the air. You then can be exposed to the spores through the air you breathe.
In addition, if you directly handle moldy materials, you can be exposed to
mold and mold spores through contact with your skin. Eating moldy foods
or hand-to-mouth contact after handling moldy materials is yet another way
you may be exposed.
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew
testing in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a business
that can remove your allergy or illness! One way how to get rid of spores
growth is by cleaning your food well. Kill
it before it kills you!
Generally, the majority of common molds are not
a concern to someone who is healthy. However if you have allergies or
asthma, you may be
 sensitive
to molds. You may experience skin rash, running nose, eye irritation, cough,
congestion, and aggravation of asthma. more severe reactions
may occur among workers exposed to large amounts of molds in occupational
settings, such as farmers working around moldy hay.Also if you have
an immune suppression or underlying lung disease, you may be at increased
risk for infections from molds.
When necessary, some resourceful molds produce toxins
in defense against other molds
 and
bacteria called mycotoxins. Depending on exposure level, these mycotoxins
may cause toxic effects in people, also. Fatigue, nausea, headaches, and respiratory
and eye irritation are some symptoms that may be experienced from exposure
to mycotoxins. If you or your family members have health problems that you
suspect are caused by exposure to mold, you should consult with your physician.
The most common health problems caused by indoor
mold are allergy symptoms. Although other and more serious problems can occur,
people exposed to mold commonly report problems such as:
-
 nasal
and sinus congestion
- cough
- wheeze/breathing difficulties
- sore throat
- skin and eye irritation
- upper respiratory infections (including
sinus)
- infants and children
- elderly people
- individuals with respiratory conditions
or sensitivities such as allergies and asthma
- persons having weakened immune systems
(for example, people with HIV infection, chemotherapy patients, organ transplant
recipients)
Those with special health concerns should consult
a medical professional if they feel their health is affected by indoor mold.
You should first consult a family or general health care provider who
will decide whether you need referral to a specialist. Such specialists
 might include an allergist who treats patients with mold allergies or
an infectious disease physician who treats mold infections.
If an infection is in the lungs, a pulmonary physician might
be recommended. Patients who have been exposed to molds in their workplace
may be referred to an occupational physician. CDC is not a clinical facility.
CDC does not see patients, diagnose illness, provide treatment, prescribe
medication, or provide referrals to health care providers.
Once mold spores settle in your home, they need
moisture to begin growing and digesting whatever they are growing on. There
are molds that can grow on wood, ceiling tiles, wallpaper, paints, carpet,
sheet rock, and insulation. When excess moisture or water builds up in your
home from say, a leaky roof, high humidity, or flooding, conditions are often
ideal for molds. Longstanding moisture or high humidity conditions and mold
growth go together. Realistically, there is no way to rid all mold and mold
spores from your home; the way to control mold growth is to control moisture.
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew
testing in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a business
that can remove your allergy or illness! One way how to get rid of spores
growth is by cleaning your food well. Kill
it before it kills you!
You may have seen white thread-like growths or clusters
of small black specks along your damp bathroom or basement walls, or smelled
a "musty" odor. Seeing and smelling mold is a good indication that
you have a mold problem. However, you cannot always rely upon your senses
to locate molds. Hidden mold can be growing behind wall coverings or ceiling
tiles.
Common places to find mold are in areas where water has damaged building materials
and furnishings perhaps from flooding or plumbing leaks. Mold can also be
found growing along walls where warm moist air condenses on cooler wall surfaces,
such as inside cold exterior walls, behind dressers, headboards, and in closets
where articles are stored against walls. Rooms with both high water usage
and humidity, such as kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, and basements are
often havens for mold. If you notice mold or know of water-damaged areas in
your home, it is time to take action to control its growth.
Sensitive individuals should avoid areas that are likely to have mold,
such as compost piles, cut grass, and wooded areas.
Inside homes, mold growth can be slowed by keeping humidity levels between
40% and 60%, and ventilating showers and cooking areas.
If there is mold growth in your home, you should clean up the mold and
fix the water problem.
Mold growth can be removed from hard surfaces with commercial products,
soap and water, or a bleach solution of no more than 1 cup of bleach in 1
gallon of water.
If you choose to use bleach to clean
up mold:
- Never mix
bleach with ammonia or other household cleaners. Mixing bleach with ammonia
or other cleaning products will produce dangerous, toxic fumes.
- Open windows
and doors to provide fresh air.
-
 Wear non-porous gloves and protective eye wear.
- If the area
to be cleaned is more than 10 square feet, consult the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) guide titled Mold Remediation in Schools and
Commercial Buildings. Although focused on schools and commercial buildings,
this document also applies to other building types. You can get it free
by calling the EPA Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse at (800)
438-4318, or by going to the EPA web site at http://www.epa.gov/mold/mold_remediation.html.
- Always follow
the manufacturer’s instructions when using bleach or any other cleaning
product.
- Keep the
humidity level in the house between 40% and 60%.
- Use an air
conditioner or a dehumidifier during humid months.
- Be sure the
home has adequate ventilation, including exhaust fans.
- Add mold
inhibitors to paints before application.
- Clean bathrooms
with mold killing products.
- Do not carpet
bathrooms and basements.
- Remove or
replace previously soaked carpets and upholstery.
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remetiation lemediachon remetiaton lemetiation lemedyachon lemetiaton
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How can I control mold growth in my home?
-
 Stop
all water leaks first. Repair leaking roofs and plumbing fixtures. Move
water away from concrete slabs and basement walls.
- Increase air circulation within
your home, especially along the inside of exterior walls, and ventilate
with fresh air from outside. Provide warm air to all areas of the home.
Move large objects away from the inside of exterior wall just a few inches
to provide good air circulation.
- Install and use exhaust fans in bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms.
- Ventilate and insulate attic and crawl spaces. Cover earth floors in crawl
spaces with heavy plastic.
- Clean and dry water damaged carpets, clothing, bedding, and upholstered
furniture within 24 to 48 hours, or consider removing and replacing damaged
furnishings.
- Vacuum and clean your home
regularly.
I found mold growing in my home, how do I test the mold?
Generally, it is not necessary to identify the species of mold growing
in a residence, and CDC does not recommend routine sampling for molds. Current
evidence indicates that allergies are the type of diseases most often associated
with molds.
 Since the susceptibility of individuals can vary greatly either because
of the amount or type of mold, sampling and culturing are not reliable in
determining your health risk. If you are susceptible to mold and mold is seen
or smelled, there is a potential health risk; therefore, no matter what type
of mold is present, you should arrange for its removal.
Do- It- Yourself Mold Test Kit
Furthermore, reliable sampling for mold can be expensive, and standards
for judging what is and what is not an acceptable or tolerable quantity of
mold have not been established.
Standards for judging what is an acceptable, tolerable, or normal quantity
of mold have not been established. If you do decide to pay for environmental
sampling for molds, before the work starts, you should ask the consultants
who will do the work to establish criteria for interpreting the test results.
They should tell you in advance what they will do or what recommendations
they will make based on the sampling results. The results of samples taken
in your unique situation cannot be interpreted without physical inspection
of the contaminated area or without considering the building’s characteristics
and the factors that led to the present condition.
If you believe you are ill because of exposure to mold in the building
where you work, you should first consult your health care provider to determine
the appropriate action to take to protect your health.
 Notify your employer and, if applicable, your union representative
about your concern so that your employer can take action to clean up and prevent
mold growth. To find out more about mold, remediation of mold, or workplace
safety and health guidelines and regulations, you may also want to contact
your local (city, county, or state) health department.
Yes! In 2005, the Washington State legislature
approved Engrossed Senate Bill (ESB) 5049 (See especially Section 2.12) that
requires property owners to notify their tenants about mold. For more information
on these requirements, see the DOH Web page on this requirement for proprietors
and the timing of notification.
If you feel your property owner, landlord, or builder has not been responsive
to concerns you’ve expressed regarding mold exposure, you
 can contact your local board of health or housing authority. Applicable
codes, insurance, inspection, legal, and similar issues about mold generally
fall under state and local (not federal) jurisdiction. You could also review
your lease or building contract and contact local or state government authorities,
your insurance company, or an attorney to learn more about local codes and
regulations and your legal rights. CDC does not have enforcement power in
such matters, nor can we provide you with advice. You can contact your county
or state health department about mold issues in your area to learn about what
mold assessment and remediation services they may offer.
You can find information on your state’s Indoor Air Quality program at
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/airpollution/indoor_air.htm.
|
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|
NOTE: Toxic black mold and mildew
testing in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a business
that can remove your allergy or illness! One way how to get rid of spores
growth is by cleaning your food well. Kill
it before it kills you!
|
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.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mold-abatement-sop.com/&h=1024&w=768&sz=191&hl=en&start=237&tbnid=mTuR49KdMffosM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=113&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmold%26start%3D234%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN "Toxic black mold and mildew testing in the house or home, for removal/remediation/abatement, is a business that can remove your allergy or illness! One way how to get rid of spores growth is by cleaning your food well. Kill it before it kills you!")
